Списък на темите в Анатомията на Грей: II. Остеология
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Темите (17-67) по-долу са покрити в глава II-ра: Остеология от Анатомията на Грей (версия от 1918 г.)
Въведение (Тема 17)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- classes
- classes
- Surfaces of bones
- articular eminences
- articular depressions
- non-articular eminences
- tuberosity, protuberance, or process
- tubercle
- spine
- ridge, crest, or line
- non-articular depressions
- perforation/passage
Development of the skeleton
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Череп
- membranous cranium
- chondrocranium
- chordal or vertebral portion
- prechordal or prevertebral portion
- trabeculae cranii
- parachordal cartilages
- Structure and Physical Properties
- Marrow
- Vessels and Nerves of Bone
- Vessels and Nerves of Bone
- Minute Anatomy
- Minute Anatomy
- primary or fundamental lamellæ
- secondary or special lamellæ
- Haversian canals
- lamellæ
- perforating fibers
- Lacunæ
- Minute Anatomy
- Ossification
- Ossification
- osteoblasts, or bone-formers
- osteoclasts, or bone-destroyers
- secondary areolæ or medullary spaces
- Columna Vertebralis; Spinal column
General characteristics of a vertebra (Тема 20)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- typical vertebra
- vertebral foramen
- intervertebral foramina
- body of vertebra (corpus vertebræ)
- body of vertebra (corpus vertebræ)
- vertebral arch or neural arch (posterior part)
- pedicle of vertebral arch (radices arci vertebræ)
- lamina of the vertebral arch
- processes of vertebra
- 1 Spinous process (processus spinosus)
- 4 Articular processes
- 2 Transverse processes (processus transversi)
- upper surface
- lower surface
- pedicles
- laminae
- vertebral foramen
- spinous process
- superior articular process
- inferior articular process
- transverse processes
- foramen transversarium
- costal process or costal element
- anterior tubercle
- posterior tubercle
- First thoracic vertebra
- Ninth thoracic vertebra
- Tenth thoracic vertebra
- Eleventh thoracic vertebra
- Twelfth thoracic vertebra
The sacral and coccygeal vertebrae (Тема 24)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Sacrum (os sacrum)
- Pelvic surface of sacrum (facies pelvina)
- Dorsal surface of sacrum (facies dorsalis)
- Dorsal surface of sacrum (facies dorsalis)
- Lateral surface of sacrum
- base of the sacrum (basis oss. sacri)
- base of the sacrum (basis oss. sacri)
- Apex of the sacrum (apex oss. sacri)
- Vertebral canal (canalis sacralis; sacral canal)
- Differences in the Sacrum of the Male and Female
- Coccyx (os coccygis)
- Ossification of the Vertebral column
- Ossification of the Vertebral column
The vertebral column as a whole (Тема 25)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Curves of vertebral column
The thorax (Тема 26)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- thorax or chest
- Thorax: boundaries of:
- Thorax: skeleton of:
- upper opening of the thorax
The sternum (Тема 27)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Manubrium (manubrium sterni)
- Body of sternum (corpus sterni; gladiolus)
- Body of sternum (corpus sterni; gladiolus)
- sternal foramen
- sternal angle (angulus Ludovici)
- Xiphoid process (processus xiphoideus; ensiform or xiphoid appendix)
The ribs (Тема 28)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- costal cartilages (Cartilagines Costales)
The skull (Тема 30)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- occipital bone
- foramen magnum
- squama (squama occipitalis)
- Basilar part of occipital bone (pars basilaris)
- Foramen magnum
- Angles
- Borders
- Ossification of occipital bone
- external surface
- parietal eminence (tuber parietale)
- external surface
- internal surface
- Borders
- Borders
- Angles
- Squama (squama frontalis)
- metopic suture
- frontal eminence (tuber frontale)
- superciliary arches
- glabella
- supraorbital margin
- Squama (squama frontalis)
- Orbital or Horizontal Part (pars orbitalis)
- Orbital or Horizontal Part (pars orbitalis)
- border of the squama
- posterior borders of the orbital plates
- Ossification of frontal bone
- temporal bone
- Squama (squama temporalis)
- temporal line, or supramastoid crest
- zygomatic process
- anterior root and posterior root
- articular tubercle (eminentia articularis)
- parietal notch
- antero-inferior border
- Mastoid portion (pars mastoidea)
- Mastoid portion (pars mastoidea)
- Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
- Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
- Trigeminal impression
- posterior surface
- inferior surface
- Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
- Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
- angles
- jugular foramen
- anterior angle
- petrosquamous suture
- septum canalis musculotubarii (processus cochleariformis)
- angles
- Tympanic part (pars tympanica)
- Styloid process (processus styloideus)
- Ossification of temporal bone
- Ossification of temporal bone
- Proötic center of temporal bone
- Pterotic center of temporal bone
- Epiotic center of temporal bone
- tympanic ring
- anterior surface of sphenoid
- inferior surface of sphenoid
- sphenoidal rostrum
- vaginal process
- Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
- Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
- Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
- Small wings (alæ parvæ)
- Surfaces
- Borders
- Pterygoid processes (processus pterygoidei)
- Pterygoid processes (processus pterygoidei)
- Sphenoidal conchæ (conchæ sphenoidales; sphenoidal turbinated processes)
- Cribiform plate (lamina cribrosa; horizontal lamina)
- Perpendicular plate (lamina perpendicularis; vertical plate)
- Labyrinth or Lateral mass (labyrinthus ethmoidalis)
- Surfaces
- upper surface
- anterior and posterior ethmoidal canals
- posterior surface
- upper surface
- Surfaces
- lateral surface
- Surfaces
- sutural or Wormian bones
The nasal bones (Тема 37)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- nasal bones
The maxillæ (upper jaw) (Тема 38)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- maxillæ
- Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
- Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
- Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
- Maxillary sinus or Antrum of Highmore (sinus maxillaris)
- Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
- Zygomatic process (processus zygomaticus; malar process)
- Frontal process (processus frontalis; nasal process)
- Alveolar process (processus alveolaris)
- Palatine process (processus palatinus; palatal process)
- Palatine process (processus palatinus; palatal process)
- Ossification of maxilla
- lacrimal bone
- posterior lacrimal crest
- lacrimal sulcus (sulcus lacrimalis)
- lacrimal hamulus
- lesser lacrimal bone
- Processes
- Processes
- Processes
- Borders
- Articulations
- Horizontal part of palatine bone (pars horizontalis; horizontal plate of palatine bone)
- Vertical part of palatine bone (pars perpendicularis; perpendicular plate of palatine bone)
- Vertical part of palatine bone (pars perpendicularis; perpendicular plate of palatine bone)
- processes
- Pyramidal process of palatine bone or Tuberosity (processus pyramidalis)
- Orbital process of palatine bone (processus orbitalis)
- processes
- Sphenoidal process of palatine bone (processus sphenoidalis)
- sphenopalatine notch
- Ossification of sphenoid
- inferior nasal concha
- lacrimal process
- ethmoidal process
- maxillary process
The vomer (Тема 43)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]The mandible (lower jaw) (Тема 44)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Body of mandible (corpus mandibulae)
- Body of mandible (corpus mandibulae)
- Ramus of mandible (ramus mandibulae; perpendicular portion of mandible)
- Ramus of mandible (ramus mandibulae; perpendicular portion of mandible)
- angle of the mandible
- Coronoid process (processus coronoideus)
- Condyloid process (processus condyloideus)
- mandibular notch
The hyoid bone (Тема 45)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Basihyal of hyoid bone
- Greater Cornua or Thyrohyals (cornua majora)
- Lesser Cornua or Ceratohyals (cornua minora)
- Norma verticalis
- coronal sutures
- sagittal sutures
- lambdoidal suture
- bregma
- lambda
- parietal eminence and parietal foramen
- obelion
- glabella
- superciliary arches
- frontal eminences
- frontal suture
- temporal lines
- Norma basalis
- incisive foramen
- incisive canals (foramina of Stenson)
- foramina of Scarpa
- greater palatine foramen
- pyramidal process of the palatine bone
- lesser palatine foramina
- posterior nasal spine
- choanæ
- pharyngeal canals
- pterygoid canal
- scaphoid fossa
- hamulus
- pharyngeal tubercle
- foramen ovale
- foramen spinosum
- spina angularis (sphenoidal spine)
- mandibular fossa
- petrotympanic fissure
- articular tubercle
- styloid process
- stylomastoid foramen
- tympanomastoid fissure
- mastoid notch
- occipital groove
- foramen lacerum
- pterygoid canal
- carotid canal
- sulcus tubæ auditivæ
- petrosphenoidal fissure
- carotid canal
- aquæductus cochleæ
- jugular foramen
- inferior tympanic canaliculus
- mastoid canaliculus
- petroöccipital fissure
- foramen magnum
- jugular process
- basion
- opisthion
- condyloid fossa
- Norma lateralis
- zygomaticotemporal suture
- zygomaticofrontal suture
- sphenozygomatic suture
- sphenofrontal suture
- sphenoparietal suture
- sphenosquamosal suture
- pterion
- squamosal suture
- parietomastoid suture
- coronal suture and lambdoidal suture
- occipitomastoid suture
- mastoid foramen
- asterion
- superciliary arch
- frontal eminence
- parietal eminence
- external occipital protuberance
- temporal lines
- Temporal fossa (fossa temporalis)
- stephanion
- zygomaticotemporal foramen
- infratemporal crest
- inferior orbital fissure or sphenomaxillary fissure
- zygomatic arch
- external acoustic meatus
- suprameatal triangle
- suprameatal spine
- mandibular fossa
- Infratemporal fossa (fossa infratemporalis; zygomatic fossa)
- zygomatic arch
- foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
- alveolar canals
- inferior orbital fissure (fissura orbitalis inferior; sphenomaxillary fissure)
- pterygomaxillary fissure
- Pterygopalatine fossa (fossa pterygopalatina; sphenomaxillary fossa)
- foramen rotundum
- pterygoid canal
- pharyngeal canal
- sphenopalatine foramen
- pterygopalatine canal
- Norma occipitalis
- sagittal suture
- lambdoidal suture
- parietomastoid suture
- occipitomastoid suture
- external occipital protuberance or inion
- planum occipitale
- planum nuchale
- mastoid foramen
- Norma frontalis
- anterior nasal aperture
- frontal eminences
- superciliary arches
- glabella
- frontal suture
- nasion
- supraorbital notch or supraorbital foramen
- Orbits (orbitæ)
- roof of orbit
- floor of orbit
The interior of the skull (Тема 47)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Inner Surface of the Skull-cap
- Skull: upper surface of base of:
- Skull: fossa of:
- Anterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii anterior)
- Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media)
- Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media)
- Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media)
- Posterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii posterior)
- Posterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii posterior)
- The Points in the Median plane
- The Points on Either Side of the Median plane
The extremities (Тема 48)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]The bones of the upper extremity
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]The clavicle (Тема 49)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- (Ossa Extremitatis Superioris) & (Clavicula; Collar bone)
- clavicle
- coracoid tuberosity (conoid tubercle)
- oblique or trapezoid ridge
- costal tuberosity (rhomboid impression)
- subclavian groove
- Sternal extremity (extremitas sternalis; internal extremity)
- Acromial extremity (extremitas acromialis; outer extremity)
- Surfaces
- Surfaces
- Spine of scapula (spina scapulæ)
- Acromion
- Borders
- Borders
- Angles
- Angles
- Coracoid process (processus coracoideus)
The humerus (Тема 51)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Upper extremity of humerus
- head of humerus (caput humeri)
- surgical neck
- Anatomical neck (collum anatomicum)
- Greater tubercle (tuberculum majus; greater tuberosity)
- Lesser tubercle (tuberculum minus; lesser tuberosity)
- intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)
- crests of the greater and lesser tubercles (bicipital ridges)
- body of humerus or shaft of humerus (corpus humeri)
- body of humerus or shaft of humerus (corpus humeri)
The ulna (Тема 52)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Upper extremity of ulna (proximal extremity of ulna)
- Olecranon (olecranon process)
- Coronoid process (processus coronoideus)
- tuberosity of the ulna
- radial notch
- Upper extremity of ulna (proximal extremity of ulna)
- Semilunar notch (incisura semilunaris; greater sigmoid cavity)
- Radial notch (incisura radialis; lesser sigmoid cavity)
- Body of ulna or Shaft of ulna (corpus ulnæ)
- Body of ulna or Shaft of ulna (corpus ulnæ)
- perpendicular line
- medial surface (facies medialis; internal surface)
- Lower extremity (distal extremity)
The radius (Тема 53)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Upper extremity of radius (proximal extremity)
- Body of radius or Shaft of radius (corpus radii)
The hand
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]The carpus (Тема 54)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
- Navicular bone (os naviculare manus; scaphoid bone)
- Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
- Lunate bone (os lunatum; semilunar bone)
- Triangular bone (os triquetum; cuneiform bone)
- Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
- Pisiform bone (os pisiforme)
- Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
- Greater multangular bone (os multangulum majus; trapezium)
- Lesser multangular bone (os multangulum minus; trapezoid bone)
- Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
- Capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum)
- Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
- Hamate bone (os hamatum; unciform bone)
The metacarpus (Тема 55)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- metacarpus
- phalanges (Phalanges digitorum manus)
- body
- proximal extremities
- distal extremities
- ungual phalanges
- Articulations
The bones of the lower extremity
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]The hip bone (Тема 57)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Ossa Extremitatis Inferioris & Os Coxæ; Innominate bone
- hip bone
- acetabulum
- obturator foramen
- Ilium (os ilii)
- arcuate line
- Body of ilium (corpus oss. ilii)
- Ala (ala oss. ilii)
- Ala (ala oss. ilii)
- Ala (ala oss. ilii)
- Ischium (os ischii)
- body of ischium (corpus ossis ischii)
- body of ischium (corpus ossis ischii)
- Superior ramus (ramus superior ossis ischii; descending ramus)
- Inferior ramus (ramus inferior ossis ischii; ascending ramus)
- Pubis (os pubis)
- Body of pubis (corpus oss. pubis)
- Superior ramus (ramus superior oss. pubis; ascending ramus)
- Inferior ramus (ramus inferior oss. pubis; descending ramus)
- Acetabulum (cotyloid cavity)
- Obturator foramen (foramen obturatum; thyroid foramen)
The pelvis (Тема 58)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- bones comprising pelvis
- linea terminalis (pelvic brim)
- Greater pelvis or False pelvis (pelvis major)
- Lesser pelvis or True pelvis (pelvis minor)
- Lesser pelvis or True pelvis (pelvis minor)
The femur (Тема 59)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
- Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
- Trochanters
- Greater trochanter (trochanter major; great trochanter)
- trochanteric fossa (digital fossa)
- Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
- Lesser trochanter (trochanter minor; small trochanter)
- tubercle of the femur
- intertrochanteric line (spiral line of the femur)
- Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
- Body of femur or Shaft of femur (corpus femoris)
- Lower extremity of femur (distal extremity)
- Lower extremity of femur (distal extremity)
The patella (Тема 60)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]The tibia (Тема 61)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Body of tibia or Shaft of tibia (corpus tibiæ)
- Body of tibia or Shaft of tibia (corpus tibiæ)
- Body of tibia or Shaft of tibia (corpus tibiæ)
- Lower extremity of tibia
The fibula (Тема 62)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Fibula (Calf bone)
- Upper extremity or Head of fibula (capitulum fibulœ; proximal extremity)
- apex (styloid process)
- Body of fibula or shaft of fibula (corpus fibulæ)
- Body of fibula or shaft of fibula (corpus fibulæ)
- Lower extremity or Lateral malleolus (malleolus lateralis; distal extremity; external malleolus)
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The foot
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]The tarsus (Тема 63)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Tarsal bones (Ossa tarsi)
- Calcaneus (Os calcis)
- Calcaneus (Os calcis)
- Talus (Astragalus, Ankle bone)
- Talus (Astragalus, Ankle bone)
- Cuboid bone (Os cuboideum)
- Navicular bone of tarsus (Os naviculare pedis)
- Cuneiform bones
- First cuneiform bone (Os cuneiforme primum)
- Cuneiform bones
- Second cuneiform bone (Os cuneiforme secundum)
- Third cuneiform bone (Os cuneiforme tertium)
The metatarsus (Тема 64)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- phalanges of the foot (Phalanges Digitorum Pedis)
- ungual phalanges
Comparison of the bones of the hand and foot (Тема 66)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Comparison of bones of hand and foot